Munchausen Syndrome Essay Example

Munchausen Syndrome Essay Munchausen Syndrome 1 Running head: Munchausen Syndrome Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 5 References Author: Ibrahim Abdulhamid, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University; Director of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Clinical Director of Pediatric Sleep Laboratory, Childrens Hospital of Michigan Coauthor(s): Patricia T Siegel, PhD, Assistant Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine Contributor Information and Disclosures Updated: Mar 26, 2008 Mary E. Muscari, PhD, CPNP, APRN-BC Experts And Viewpoint, Medscape Nurses, April 2008 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 2 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy I decided to compose my paper on Munchausen Syndrome as a substitute since I think that its intriguing and upsetting that individuals could really hurt their kids or themselves for consideration. Munchausen disorder is a condition where an individual deliberately fakes, recreates, exacerbates, or self-incites a physical issue or sickness for the fundamental reason ofâ being rewarded like a clinical patient. The term Munchausen condition is frequently utilized reciprocally with factitious confusion. Factitious turmoil alludes to any disease that is purposefully created for the fundamental motivation behind accepting the wiped out role,â although that reason for existing is unknownâ to the wiped out individual. Munchausen condition most fittingly depicts people who have an interminable variation of a factitious issue with for the most part physical signs and indications, despite the fact that there are reports in regards to mental Munchausen disorder, implying that the mimicked manifestations are mental. We will compose a custom article test on Munchausen Syndrome explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Munchausen Syndrome explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Munchausen Syndrome explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer People with Munchausen disorder deliberately cause signs and side effects of a disease or injury by perpetrating clinical damage to their body, regularly to the point of being hospitalized. They may lie about or counterfeit indications. They are some of the time anxious to experience intrusive clinical mediations. They are additionally known to move from specialist to specialist, clinic to emergency clinic, or town to town to locate another crowd once they have depleted the workup and treatment choices accessible in a given clinical setting. People with Munchausen syndromeâ may additionally make bogus cases about their achievements, certifications. A related condition, called Munchausen as a substitute disorder, alludes to a guardian who fakes manifestations by making injury another person, regularly a youngster, and afterward needs to be with that individual in an emergency clinic or comparable clinical setting. Casualties are similarly partitioned among male and female, and youngsters most in danger are those matured 15 months to 72 months. More seasoned kids exposed to Munchausen condition as a substitute regularly plot with their moms by affirming even the most far-fetched tales about their clinical accounts, once in a while out of dread of repudiating their moms and different occasions in light of their moms influence after some time. A portion of these kids accept that they are sick with a baffling issue that the doctors Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 3 can't make sense of. In different cases, the kid knows that the moms clarification is implausible however neglects to talk, dreading the moms vengeance or that nobody will trust the person in question. In gentle Munchausen as a substitute, influenced people create clinical narratives for their youngsters and lie about their kids being wiped out instead of effectively causing ailment. Their inspiration is the passionate delight they get from clinical consideration. In exceptional Munchausen condition as a substitute, the individual hotels to measures, for example, prompting regurgitating, harming, expelling blood from the youngster, and suffocation. The individual can prompt serious ailment in their own youngster, yet stay agreeable, concerned, and merciful within the sight of human services suppliers. Culprits of MSBP might be help-searchers who look for clinical consideration for their kids to convey their own weariness, nervousness, or sadness. Others might be dynamic inducers who make their childs sicknesses through sensational measures. These guardians are ordinarily on edge, discouraged, or neurotic. At long last, some might be specialist addicts who are fixated on getting treatment for their childrens nonexistent sicknesses. Culprits are as often as possible portrayed as mindful, mindful, and gave people. Some can be antagonistic, genuinely labile, and clearly unscrupulous. In spite of the fact that they have no undeniable psychopathology, culprits can be beguiling and manipulative. Their capacity to persuade others ought not be thought little of. Their maltreatment is planned, determined, and unwarranted and they are frequently intrigued with the clinical field. Signs and side effects that MSBP could be available incorporates example of sickness and repetitive diseases without physiologic clarifications, seeping from anticoagulants and toxins: utilization of the caretaker’s own blood, spewing encouraged by ipecac organization, giving them diuretics to actuate looseness of the bowels or salt organization, applying acidic substances to cause rashes on the their skin, Hematuria or rectal seeping from injury, CNS wretchedness brought about by sedate organization. Their ailment is multisystemic, delayed, surprising, or uncommon; they are additionally unseemly or incongruent, the manifestations appear to vanish when the overseer is missing, one parent is normally missing during the child’s Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 4 hospitalization, parent is excessively appended to the youngster, they appear to have clinical information/foundation, the kid has a poor resistance of the treatment, parent urge specialists to play out various test. The reasons for Munchausen disorder are obscure. A few specialists recommend that it is a safeguard instrument against sexual and forceful driving forces. Others trust it might be a type of self-discipline. Deciding an accurate reason is troublesome on the grounds that people with Munchausen disorder are not transparent about their condition, making research on them almost unimaginable. With MSBP a conclusion can't be made rapidly, this condition is hard to recognize and affirm. Now and again video observation in the emergency clinic room has been prescribed to catch a guardians bad conduct when physical maltreatment of the kid is suspected. In situations where indications have been misrepresented, shrouded cameras may affirm that these manifestations don't exist. On the other hand, video observation can likewise absolve a presumed parental figure when the ailment does, truth be told, exist. Cameras might be utilized in profoundly dubious conditions, yet should just be utilized related to deliberately created conventions that outline the jobs of youngster defensive offices, police, and clinic security in organizing the utilization of secret observation frameworks As a social insurance orker I will be increasingly ready to recognize the signs and symptoms,â determine the need and advantages of the clinical consideration. During the appraisal I will be capable inquire as to whether the child’s ailment is predictable with the mother’s depiction. Does the goal demonstrative proof help the child’s detailed ailment? Has anybody seen the manifestations? Do the negative discoveries console the mother? Is th e treatment being given to the youngster essentially in light of the mother’s constant requests? With this information I will ideally have the option to perceive this condition and be a superior medical attendant.

Piano Concert Review free essay sample

I went to Simon Suns show at Presbyterian Church, Williamsburg. Simon Sun is a senior at the College of William and Mary studying Neuroscience and music. He has played piano for right around seventeen years and was a finalist in the Young Artists International Piano Competition. I was so Impressed by his exhibition on that day, since I have begun to learn piano at an early age likewise, yet I would never be on a par with he. Simon Is a dexterous, dynamic, and enthusiastic player.With an attractive appearance, Simon bowed to crowd for a second and dashed to play. He has played five major bits of music completely. The main piece, China Gates by Adams John, was a powerful one. Its everything about changing modes as It went through every entryway. In Simonys execution, I could feel the changing In It. Think Its Important to pull in crowd with dynamic evolving. We will compose a custom paper test on Piano Concert Review or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At that point, he played Plano Sonata Pop. 57 In F minor by Beethoven Ludwig v. Its a long piece with three developments. Simon was not playing the Plano yet really controlled the piano. HIS figures moved quick and adaptable. At times, the correct arm was crossed the left arm without any problem. Additionally, Simon was a decent conductor. He has directed a little ensemble symphony and an ensemble bunch in the show. Its critical to apply his piano experience on other music related territories. I have perused a book called Outlier a year ago, it is said that once individuals have drilled one expertise for in excess of ten thousand hours, they would be flawless at that aptitude. Simon does as well, I surmise he should both practice exceptionally hard during the previous seventeen years and is a skilled individual.

Welcome New Illini!

Welcome New Illini! This month, a whole new class of Illini will be joining us returning students on this big, beautiful campus. I remember just one year ago being ecstatic that all of the hard work to get to Illinois was finally going to be paying off as I unpacked all my stuff (sorry, Mom and Dad!) and began my new and exciting journey on the Illinois campus. For me, the promise of learning at one of the worlds finest educational institutions was one that kept me reaching for my next accomplishments all throughout freshman year. There will undoubtedly be times when you are homesick or stressed about an upcoming assignment, but with a little optimism and a phone call back home, your worries will disappear. If you dont make friends immediately, there is no need for concern, this campus has hundreds of RSOs that help each student to find an activity or cause that they can engage with other students about. Besides, if all else fails, you will surely make some friends playing a little Pokemon Go on the Quad. So go forth, Class of 2020! Explore everything that this amazing campus has to offer. Challenge yourself to seek out all of the opportunities for cultural enrichment here at the University of Illinois. Take every opportunity to learn about something that furthers your understanding of the world around you. And most importantly, make sure that every second you spend here will be a memory that you will hold for a lifetime. Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

World Cup ( soccer ) Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Portugal, who took part for the first time in the World Cup, was the top scorer with nine goals (Bailey, 2010). Argentina hosted the 1978 World Cup. Tunisia and Iran participated in the match for the first time. Tunisia won the match becoming the first African country to win the World Cup. Argentina the host went on to the finals with Mario Kempes scoring two goals (Dubois, 2010). Mexico held the 1986 World Cup for the second time. In this game Denmark, Iraq and Canada made their finals. There was a game between Argentina and England played the most excellent and wonderful game (Bailey, 2010). During the tournament, there arose a controversy because of the hand goal. The handball goal was the Goal of the century. Italy hosted the 1990 World Cup. Cameroon participated in the quarterfinals for the first time. Mexico in the same year could not participate in the competition because of the two- year ban (Crouch & Corbett, 2010). The Unites States of America qualified for the first time. Ireland republican also appeared for the first time during the tournament. We will write a custom essay sample on World Cup ( soccer ) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Media s Influence On Society - 1416 Words

â€Å"The media s the most powerful entity on Earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the [people]† (Malcolm X). The message of this Malcolm X quote is that society can control the mind of the individual. This is true. For many years, society has influenced everyone worldwide both negatively and positively. That is because society has the ability to control the individual’s decisions. They can control the individual in making their decisions that could affect people’s lives worldwide; it also has the ability to control their decisions that could affect the individual’s life. You might be thinking â€Å"But why should we care about this topic? This doesn’t seem really important to us† well it’s important because we all can relate to this as everyone has been influenced by society at least once in their lifetime. Just ask yourself this. H ave you ever simulated a role model that you had by just copying the actions that they do just because you wanted to be just like them? Have you picked up habits from society that is around you like family or peers that has affected you in your life? Have you ever maybe tried something you found from your family members or from the Internet to get your personal needs? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are involved in this conversation. But there’s a problem. There’s an argument going on about this topic. The controversy of this topicShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe media s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the masses† (Ruddy, 2002). Malcolm X, a prominent African American human rights activist, strongly believed that the media played a vital role in how they make so ciety perceive events and people. An issue that is present, historically and currently, is media contributing to racism. When news is reported involvingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media’s Chokehold The media s influence on society is suffocating and undeniable. Body image has become overwhelmingly present in most media today. The front cover of a magazine may critically exclaim â€Å"so-and-so has cellulite† or â€Å"so and so is too thin†. Popular reality stars like Nicole Polizzi (otherwise known as â€Å"Snooki†) have been criticized for being to large and then criticized for being too thin after dropping the weight. The media teaches people to be unsatisfied with their bodiesRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1269 Words   |  6 Pages The media is full of countless things, it has completely changed the world and is now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is impossible to live without the media today. Along with it being persuasive, informational and a great source for entertainment it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though someRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe media are full of countless things, they have completely changed the world we live in and are now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is almost impossible to live without the media. Along with it being persuasive, informative and a great source for entertainment, it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240)Read MoreMedia s Influence On Society1293 Words   |  6 PagesMedia is a major contributor of how social groups are perceived in today’s society. Mediais around us every day almost all day, and it constantly sends messages about the world’s environment. There are many indicators shown pertaining to how media really af fects society. One of the most prominent explanations of those questions is the way media influences stereotypes. There has been previous research linking media sources and biased attitudes. This research paper explores articles supporting mediaRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagescapitalist society the United States has developed a media centered culture. Society has been influenced tremendously by mass media it seems as if it has become a necessity in life. Nine DVDs worth of data per person every day is the amount of all media delivered to consumers whether it be visual or auditorial on a daily basis. As consumers and technology develop that number will continue to increase because of the multi-tasking abilities that will be created (Zverina 13). The hold media has on societyRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1654 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is perhaps the most powerful tool in the world for creating, changing or perpetuating societyâ⠂¬â„¢s ideas about an issue or group of people. It works both blatantly and subconsciously by deciding which issues are important, how to frame those issues, who to show as affected by them, and, increasingly, providing personal commentaries on the matters at hand. Because the majority of media outlets are owned by corporations dominated by white heterosexual men, many minorities are portrayed in waysRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1475 Words   |  6 PagesMass media has affected our view as a society on social class and what defines one’s social class. Throughout this article called â€Å"Making Class Invisible† by Gregory Mantsios, we evaluate the influence media has on our society and as Mr. Mantsios states how â€Å"media plays a key role in defining our cultural tastes, helping us locate ourselves in history, establishing our national identity, and ascertaining the range of national and social possibilities† (para. 1). Our social class determines wh atRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1560 Words   |  7 Pagesare. How many times have we heard this, yet we live in a society that appears to contradict this very idea. If looks don’t matter then why do women and girls live in a society where their bodies define who they are? If looks don t matter then why is airbrushing used by the media to hide any flaws a person has? What exactly is causing this, why do we feel like we are just not beautiful the way we are? Its the media. It’s because the media promotes a certain body image as being beautiful, and it’sRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society2776 Words   |  12 Pagessee many images in the media and they suggest what we should be like. While the media says how we should act or look, these suggestions invade people’s thoughts. The images the media portrays make it hard to break out of socially constructed stereotypes in our lives. The media reflects dominate and social values of peopleâ₠¬â„¢s lives. The media also portrays gender by creating stereotypes and gender roles showing how men, women, and transgenders are seen as deviant. In the media, men are portrayed to

Escape of the Gymnasium Free Essays

As I sat in a managerial meeting, nervously taking the wrath from demanding hierarchy management, my mind began to drift back to an incident in my early childhood†¦ â€Å"Nice shot Shrimps!† There I was shooting the basketball in gym class, all five foot four inches, 125 pounds of me. I am known as â€Å"Shrimps,† but my real name is Donald I am a small kid, with the heart of a kitten. Patiently waiting for the school bell to ring, to notify me and the rest of the school it was time to go home for the day and come back again in a week and half, I could hardly wait to get home and show my parents my straight A report card. We will write a custom essay sample on Escape of the Gymnasium or any similar topic only for you Order Now It seemed like two life times had passed already, but I was still stuck there waiting to hear the ring of the damn bell. All of a sudden, I realized Lenord was headed into my vicinity. My pulse began to race, sweat dripping from my forehead; I continued to shoot the basketball. Soon I became scared, so scared I thought I was going to wet myself. The threat was real, very real, but this wasn’t the first time I’d been in danger and sure seemed like it wouldn’t be the last. I can still see him even now, with a crystal clear vivid image of him. How could anyone forget what he looked like? Everyone in the school knew him as J Dog, but behind the slang name J Dog, he was known to all too many as Lenord. Lenord was double the size of any average Joe his age, standing tall looking over the top of his peer’s heads desperately awaiting someone to step in his way. J Dog, the big fat aggressive pain in everyone’s bottom, the school bully. J Dog was always with four of his immediate peers. J Dog generally picked fights with weaker students. He would abuse them with his strength and powerful vocal cords, which built his ego on his victims. For nearly the past seven years I have watched him and his four man mafia pick on younger boys. I can not even count the times on my twenty fingers and toes that I was the onlooker, watching sadly from the â€Å"birds eye view,† waiting for their time to come and be put in their place. One incident I witnessed was when J Dog and his four man mafia picked a fight with a varsity football player. As I observed the attack through the bathroom stall the fight seemed too unfair. J Dog and his crew attacked the peer in the boys’ bathroom. They all took their turns aggressively punching and kicking the peer. I sat in the stall curled up on the toilet, bracing myself nearly feeling every blow. Showing no remorse they continued on their brutal attack until they seemed too tired to go on. The fight ended with a vicious kick to the face by J Dog. Constantly and repetitively J Dog and his crew moved away from the school handbook and the countless school policies that it entailed. Yes indeed I knew what they were doing, as well as everyone else at the school including the school staff, but no one took the time to create a peaceful environment. It just seemed that no one would stand up to their mischievous behavior. I never understood why this was this way. Why do we all sit here back on our heels and watch this reckless’ abandon go on with his terror? We were all equally guilty, guilty as J Dog and his fellow perpetrators. The longer we stood back and accepted their behavior and the longer they were able to rage throughout the school, the stronger they became. This was not a good thing for me, or for the entire school. J Dog and his four brotherhood boys came for me one spring morning. In fact it was the last day of school prior to a well anticipated eleven day Easter break. I’d been playing basketball with a few of my peers in the schools’ gymnasium. Looking on the other side of the gym behind a set of bleachers, sat J Dog and his fellow four up to no good teasing and laughing at fellow students. The obnoxious jerk himself, Lenord, and his four manned mafia soon came to the side of the gym where I was playing basketball. Before I had the chance to warn my friends I heard abruptly, â€Å"Donald, you four-eyed worthless piece of shit,† the bully said. â€Å"It’s your turn.† My heart hit rock bottom, feeling myself gasp for air, I asked myself â€Å"oh no here we go, I think it is my turn to be plum bulled, or isn’t it?† Such simple words, so much unsaid. I didn’t need any further explanations. I knew what they wanted and it was not their sanity back. As mentioned earlier I’d seen others after they’d had their turn. It was never a pretty sight. Too many times over the years I have witnessed the brutal attacks on my fellow classmates. In time they would have progressed beyond schoolyard aggression, sinking lower into the anti-social status of the criminal underworld. They’d never be leaders of any kind, just straight up thugs. They’d been well schooled in this art. I had never once in my life been in a fight. Well unless my sister counts? To say I was scared of the upcoming attack would have been an understatement. I was petrified. I knew if I was not careful in what I said or did I may end up dead. As I sat there overshadowed by five ruthless thugs, I knew that even in a fair fight I couldn’t possibly win. Other students swirled around us, isolating our little group. It was well known everyone in the oval knew of the intended attack. Sweating profusely, I was nearly drowned in my own sweat, knowing what was waiting for me, wondering why he didn’t just lash out and end this mockery, this teasing. I did not even realize then that he’d had to work himself into a frenzy so he could just hit, and hit, and hit. â€Å"What’s up, Shrimps? Don’t you want your pretty boy face all smashed up like everyone else in this school? Or will you be upset because you will need a face lift?† As I sat there I could only think of dumb things like this girl name Ashley sucking her thumb and my friend telling me to imagine my peers naked while giving a speech. Only the sight of these two things registered on my numbed, frightened brain. â€Å"Why don’t you leave me alone? Go annoy someone else.† I took the basketball and dropped it at my feet. â€Å"Are you throwing the basketball at me, Shrimps?† He snorted, searching for any excuse to start a fight with me. I didn’t want to give him an excuse. He stood there warlike; hands on hips, wearing his all blue attire. His stomach fat erupted through ragged holes in his once blue t-shirt. Supporting the color blue was what J Dog felt was the holiest color known to mankind. â€Å"Don’t be silly, I just dropped it at my feet,† I whined, not at all mentally prepared for the brutal assault. â€Å"I know you didn’t just call J Dog silly,† one of his collogues shouted. â€Å"Or I’ll flatten you myself. Come on J Dog, give the idiot a reason to talk back and let’s get the hell out of here. It is just too hot in here to have to put up with all of this shit,† he added as he grinded his teeth, showing the enormous gap in his bottom teeth, so enormous I could kick a field goal through it. â€Å"You call me silly, did you? You’re nothing but a poor excuse for human life. You can run to the teachers all you like, see, I am not afraid of them.† Thoughts began to race inside me. I wondered why school authorities put up with him. Too many times Lenord and his four mates’ behavior were over looked. School fights happened; sometimes students went home a little worse for wear. I could not help to notice that in a mere two minutes the bell would sound. Thinking to myself will that bell ever ring and let me out of this mess I got myself into? I responded to this coward known to too many as J Dog, â€Å"I didn’t call you silly; I just said I did not throw the basketball at you.† I was answered by a heavy push in the chest, the first sign of physical violence. Staggering back, it was followed by another massive blow from the aggressive J Dog. He stepped back up to me, face to face, as J Dogs four amigos stood close beside him, crowding me like flies on dead carcass. â€Å"Won’t you stay and fight?† He spit little specks of salvia at me but I dared not acknowledge them. â€Å"Bloody little coward.† He’d been right; I was a coward, so scared I couldn’t run, even if I wanted to, even if there’d been somewhere to go and get away from the mess I was in. I silently choked back sobs, fighting to hold back tears of terror. The panic controlled me; I stood there looking like a buffoon right in front of Lenord, his four friends, my best friend, twenty other students, and one especially hot girl named Cindy. Again the palms of his massive hands stabbed at my chest and, again, I staggered back. I felt the impact of his hands long after they’d abruptly returned to his hips. The five men closed back up on me as we danced further away from the gymnasium bleachers or what I like to call protection from a fall and embarrassment. I felt my grip on reality slipping further and further away. Others were here to only see another beating set forth by J Dog and to witness my shame. Not that J Dog and his mates wouldn’t let everyone know how well, or poorly, I took the abuse. There was a certain honor in taking your licking like a man. I hadn’t felt like a man, and had been sure there was little honor in J Dog. However, I couldn’t hide for the rest of my life. It had been time to stop the hopelessness and stand up for myself and for the rest of the school population. It had to be all or nothing. I preferred nothing, but in the back of my head I wanted nothing more than to set the example. Putting on a brave face, I firmed my voice and looked the outsized buffoon in the eye. â€Å"I know you can beat me like a red headed step daughter, I don’t doubt it at all.† As the jittered mess in my voice came out I wanted to look and feel confident in what I said to this animal. â€Å"But Lenord,† I added, â€Å"Just remember one thing. When I hit the ground, so too will your front teeth, you worthless coward. I’ll get one punch in, you know I will, and that punch will be directed right for your front teeth. When I am done with you, you will no longer look like the donkey you look and smell like now! Is beating me up worth losing your front teeth?† I was being optimistic, I doubted that I could even get in one punch; I doubted even if delivered I could have knocked out any of his teeth. The reaction from the overweight J Dog was almost priceless. Suddenly it was the bully who backed off, looked lost, looked everywhere but at his bewildered fellows or me. â€Å"Er†¦ er†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he stuttered, â€Å"you’re not worth the effort, you are just a waste of my breath, you little crap headed pansy. I wouldn’t waste my spit on you. You better get away from me before I change my mind and pound the crap out of you.† Now I was the one standing aggressively, hands on hips, watching the fast disappearing of the other bullies as they soon walked away in disbelief. Cocky in my arrogance, I spit out a final mouth of spit in their vicinity. It had been the most rewarding victory of my life, standing there on that field of honor, knowing that I had conquered the mighty, invincible J Dog. I wanted to shout it out to the rest of the school and let everyone in the school district know of J Dog’s defeat. My mind switched off that near death episode, back to the present, to the here and now. Hierarchy management surrounded me, trying to pressure me and abide to their will. Tacky school clothes were replaced with tailored business suits, the overt threat of violence with an undercurrent of raw power. Things hadn’t changed. As before, I was the underdog, the potential victim. These smiling men were planning on beating me far worse than the luckless J Dog could ever have imagined. Here I was fighting for my life, my work life, and for the future of my family and myself. I could lose everything. I felt too old to start everything all over again. These smiling piranhas had planned on chewing me up and spitting out the bones. I had to fight for myself and for what I knew was right, and it was time to either stand up and fight their smirking aggression, or lie down and die like a dog. I thought again of J Dog the bully, remembering how quickly he’d collapsed after I stood in his way of destruction. Clearing my throat, I looked straight in the owner’s eyes. â€Å"This is what should happen,† I began, as an idea rushed into my mind. Fully knowing what I was going to say, I continued as I spilled out the beans. How to cite Escape of the Gymnasium, Papers

Audit Of A Financial Statement Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Audit Of A Financial Statement. Answer: Introduction: The auditing standard ASA 240 is associated with the responsibilities of the auditor associated to fraud in audit of a financial statement. Particularly, the scope of auditing standard expands on ASA 315 and ASA 330 in respect to risk of misstatement because of fraud. Misstatement in financial statement might arise either because of fraud or error (Aicpa 2017). The distinctive factor amid the fraud and error is whether there is underlying action which lead to misstatement of the financial statement is deliberate or not deliberate. According to the Australian auditing standard fraud is regarded as the wider concept. The auditor is generally concerned with the fraud which causes material misstatement in the financial statement. Even though auditor might suspect or in rare circumstances recognize fraud the auditor does not make the lawful determination of whether the fraud has eventually happened. The primary accountability for preventing and detecting fraud relies on those that are charged with the governance and management of organization (Li, Simunic and Ye 2017). It is vital for the management to place a high stress on reducing the opportunities of reducing fraud and deterring fraud that may persuade an invidious to commit fraud due to the probability of detecting and punishing. The auditor enters much expanded ground to detect the fraud. Auditors Responsibility: An auditor performing the work of audit in compliance with the ASA is accountable for attaining sufficient reassurance that the financial statement that are taken as the whole is free from material misstatement originating from fraud or error (Bozkurt 2014). Because of the inherent disadvantages of audit there are risks that are unavoidable since some of the material misstatement of financial statement should not be detected, even though the audit is sufficiently planned and executed in compliance with Australian auditing standards. The auditor is responsible for assessing the correctness of the accounting policies used and appropriateness of the accounting estimations disclosures that are made by the directors. The auditor is accountable for identifying and evaluating the risk of material misstatement relating to the financial statement due to error and fraud and conduct an audit procedure that are responsive to the risk. The auditor is accountable for assessing the overall demonstration, construction and content of the financial report along with the disclosure whether the financial statement provides an underlying evidence of transactions that attains fair presentation (Shah 2017). At the time of obtaining the reasonable assurance the auditor accountable for upholding professional skepticism during the audit. The auditor is responsible for communicating with the directors concerning the matters, prearranged scope and timing of audit with significant findings from audit. This comprises of identifying the significant deficiencies in the internal control which the auditor is required to identify during the audit. Auditor failure in detecting and reporting fraud in ABC Learning: In context of the current case study of ABC learning an evidence of overstatement of revenues were noticed. In context of the revenues it is held that the auditor of ABC has failed to derive sufficient and appropriate audit evidence for numerous fee revenue (Kassem and Higson 2016). This ultimately resulted in significant amount of material overstatement of the ABC revenue. Furthermore, the items originating from the provision of childcare services were erroneously categorized since the revenues resulted in overstatement of the ABC revenues. The audit report of ABC learning suggests that there was incorrect treatment of the development revenues. The ASIC notes that the revenues transaction was not considered as revenue derived through the provision of childcare services (MaAyan and Carmeli 2016). On classifying the normal revenues as the transaction the users of the monetary reports enabled them to consider developers fees as the recurring revenues that originated from the provision of child care services. Therefore, any kind of attempt made to value the childcare centres were useless. Evidences from the audit report suggest that the revenues were not disclosed in a manner which clearly indicated that were recurring and resulting from the provision of child care services. The critical assessment suggested that payment formed the part of scheme that was artificially designed to inflate the profits (Fazli et al. 2014). The auditor was unsuccessful in obtaining the adequate audit evidences in respect of the accurate bookkee ping treatment for numerous fees which resulted in significant amount of material misstatement of the ABC proceeds. Among the other auditing issues surrounded the ABC learning was that the auditor has failed to get the adequate evidences to enable a sensible knowledgeable auditor to determine that ABC was a going concern. Requirements of Professional skepticism: At the time of getting reasonable assurance the auditor is required to maintain the professional skepticism all through the audit. Fundamentally, ISA 200 necessitates the use of professional skepticism as the medium of improving the ability of the auditor to recognize the risk of material misstatement and respond to the risk recognized (Soh and Martinov-Bennie 2015). Professional skepticism is closely associated with the essential ethical deliberations of the auditor fairness and liberation. Professional skepticism is associated with the implementation of professional judgement by the auditor. If an audit is conducted without using the professional skepticism then it may not result in high quality audit. Consequently, implementing the professional skepticism must assist in assuring that the auditor does not overlook the unfamiliar circumstances or undertake incorrect assumptions at the time of ascertaining the audit response. As the part of audit procedure in compliance with the Australian auditing standard the auditor is required to exercise proficient decision and maintain the professional skepticism all through the audit procedure. As the part of audit the auditor is required to make accounting estimates (Pitt 2014). The accounting estimates requirements include fair valuation of accounting estimations. This comprises of noteworthy assumptions made by management in establishing accounting estimates and reviewing the decisions that are made by the managers for management in creating an accounting estimates. Another requirement of professional skepticism is that the auditor must review the managements assessment of going concern and whether the plans of management are feasible or not. This is especially vital in the circumstances where there prevails significant amount of doubt over the capability of the organization to continue as the going concern (Klassen, Lisowsky and Mescall 2015). The auditor on the other hand are under the obligation of fulfilling the requirements of related party relations and disclosure. For an auditor it may be difficult in getting the information of the related parties since the information might be confined to the management meaning for which the auditor might have to remain dependent management to recognize all the related parties. The auditor is required to remain sceptical at the time of assessing the business underlying principle behind the related partys transaction. Furthermore, the professional skepticism requirements of the auditor also include paying considerations on laws and regulations (Bowlin, Hobson and Piercey 2015). The auditor is required to remain alert all through the audit process for reflecting that there may be instances of suspected non-compliance with rules and regulations. Unless it is found that the auditor has the sufficient purpose to believe the conflictions the auditor might accept the records and documents that are genuine. If there are situations that forces the auditor to believe that the document might not be authentic or the conditions in the document have been altered but not revealed to the auditor (Quadackers, Groot and Wright 2014). Where the responses to the enquiries of the management or the person that are charged with the governance are not consistent then the auditor should investigate the inconsistencies. Auditors failure in applying Professional Skepticism: Auditors are regarded as the vital gatekeepers who are dependent upon to offer assurance and market confidence in the quality of the monetary statement. The ASIC constantly place their focus on auditors importance for implementing professional skepticism and getting the sufficient audit evidence to assist their conclusions (Cohen, Dalton and Harp 2014). It is necessary that auditors implement correct skills, experience and skepticism in recognizing and responding to the risks by obtaining audit evidence and judging the areas as going concern. In context of ABC learning it is understood that the auditor failed to sufficiently perform his duties as auditor. The auditor failed to obtain suitable evidence of audit relating to appropriate accounting treatment for numerous fees that resulted in overstatement of ABC revenue. The auditor failed to classify the items of income. This resulted in consequences that items from the provision of childcare services were not correctly categorized as revenue and led to overstatement of ABC revenue. The auditor further failed to enable that ABC was the going concern and lacked professional skepticism in supporting his opinion that the financial report of ABC was free from material misstatement (Brazel et al. 2016). The auditor failed to create audit procedure to deal with the evaluated risks and failed to adequately document the testing that was undertaken relating to fraud risk. The auditor failed to use the professional judgement and lacked professional skepticism while auditing ABC learning financial report. Ethical issues contributed to ABC Downfall: As evident the code of ethics for professional accountants lay down the ethical requirements for professional accountants. To act in the interest of public a professional accountant should observe and comply with the ethical requirements. As evident in the current case study of ABC learning the major reason that contributed to the collapse of ABC learning was the ethical issues (Klein 2015). The chief ethical issues led to the downfall of the ABC learning was the lower payment of wages to the employees in order to incur lower cost and more amount of profits that enables them to attain the competitive advantage in the corporate world. This misstatement in the financial report by the auditors is regarded as one of the major ethical issues. Section 110 of the code of ethics requires an accountant to follow the principles of integrity in order to impose the obligation on all the professional accountants to act in a straight forward manner (Press and Woodrow 2018). Integrity also refers to the fair dealing and truthfulness. To capture the market, share and gain more profit ABC learning gave their employees a lower rate of wages and was found to below the Australian standards. The accountants of ABC failed to discharge their obligation with integrity and provided inappropriate accounting reports relating to cash flow and business model. Another ethical issue that contributed to the fall of the ABC learning was the significant ethical and moral lapse in the share that was floated by the company when the CEO engaged in the related party transaction. The ethical issue in the case of ABC learning revolves around the deception to the shareholders as the shareholders have invested money on false pretence. The management of the ABC learning failed to act in compliance with the section 130 related to professional competency and due diligence (MaAyan and Carmeli 2016). The maintenance professional competency and diligence encompassed the responsibility of acting in agreement with the requirements of obligation carefully and on timely manner. Unearthing claims arising out of the insufficient revelation, related party transactions and mis-administration have contributed to the ethical downfall of the organization. Another ethical reason that was responsible for the downfall of the ABC learning was the lack of objectivity. Section 120 of the code of ethics provides that the accountants must not compromise their professional or business judgement because of the unwarranted effect on others (Pitt 2014). The accounting misstatement of financial reports rotates around the deceiving the shareholders regarding the overall position of the organization on false pretence have evidently contributed to the collapse of the ABC learning. The accountants did not provide true financial and position of the company to the stakeholders. This enable the company to remain exposed to the situations impair objectivity. Conclusion: As evident from the study above the major reason that contributed to ABC Learning downfall was the financial discrepancies. The in appropriate financial management such as high debts and abnormal acquisition attributed to main discrepancies in the financial information. The inflated value of the assets and increased valuation offered wrong information to the shareholders that was not approved by the AASB. The auditors failure in reflecting the company as the going concern with lack of professional skepticism in responding to accounting risk contributed to the company down. 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